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How it works:
- If the character is either 0 or 255, put 0 before the character value
- If the character is higher than 254, put 255, then the character value in base 254, then 255.
- Else, just put the character value.
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How it works:
Alternate version with base 253 instead to make room for 255 as an EOT marker, so it is compatible with Burrows–Wheeler transform
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